These speeds, in true airspeed terms, vary considerably depending upon density altitude. The IAS is an important value for the pilot because it is the indicated speeds which are specified in the aircraft flight manual for such important performance values as the stall speed. KCAS for calibrated airspeed and KTAS for true airspeed). Īn aircraft's indicated airspeed in knots is typically abbreviated KIAS for " Knots-Indicated Air Speed" (vs. Calibrated airspeed (CAS) is the IAS corrected for instrument and position error. Since the actual density will vary considerably from this assumed value as the aircraft changes altitude, IAS varies considerably from true airspeed (TAS), the relative velocity between the aircraft and the surrounding air mass. Since the airspeed indicator cannot know the density, it is by design calibrated to assume the sea level standard atmospheric density when calculating airspeed. The dynamic pressure includes terms for both density and airspeed. It uses the difference between total pressure and static pressure, provided by the system, to either mechanically or electronically measure dynamic pressure. This value is not corrected for installation error, instrument error, or the actual encountered air density, being instead calibrated to always reflect the adiabatic compressible flow of the International Standard Atmosphere at sea level. This is the pilots' primary airspeed reference. Indicated airspeed ( IAS) is the airspeed of an aircraft as measured by its pitot-static system and displayed by the airspeed indicator (ASI). Heavy (used to indicate the intensity of weather phenomena, e.g.A primary flight display with the indicated airspeed (IAS) displayed in the form of a vertical tape on the left. H - A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z H Processed meteorological data in the form of grid point values expressed in binary form (meteorological code) Ground-based regional augmentation system (to be pronounced ‘GRASS’) Ground movement control, part of aerodrome control, a type of atc discipline Ground movement chart (followed by name/title) Global orbiting navigation satellite system (to be pronounced ‘GLO-NAS’) Ground controlled approach system or ground controlled approach Ground-based augmentation system (to be pronounced ‘GEE-BAS’) Variations from the mean wind speed (gusts) (followed by figures in METAR/SPECI and TAF) G - A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z G FBL RA=light rain)įrom (followed by time weather change is forecast to begin)įiled flight plan (message type designator) Light (used to indicate the intensity of weather phenomena, interference or static reports, e.g. Low drifting (followed by DU=dust, SA=sand or SN=snow)Į - A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z EĮuropean geostationary navigation overlay service (to be pronounced ‘EGG-NOS’)Įmbedded in a layer (to indicate cumulonimbus embedded in layers of other clouds)Įstimate or estimated or estimate (as message type designator), estimated (preceded by time-group)Įstimated time of arrival or estimating arrivalĮstimated time of departure or estimating departureį - A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z F Visibility, cloud and present weather better than prescribed values or conditions (to be pronounced ‘KAV-OH-KAY’)Ĭumulonimbus (to be pronounced ‘CEE BEE’)įlight plan cancellation (message type designator)Ĭommunications, navigation and surveillanceĬontroller-pilot data link communicationsĬurrent flight plan (message type designator)ĭ - A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Dĭownward (tendency in RVR during previous 10 minutes)ĭata link automatic terminal information service (to be pronounced ‘DEE-ATIS’)ĭirect (in relation to flight plan clearances and type of approach)Ĭlearance delivery, a type of atc discipline Special series NOTAM notifying, by means of a specific format, change in activity of a volcano, a volcanic eruption and/or volcanic ash cloud that is of significance to aircraft operationsĪt (followed by time at which weather change is forecast to occur)ī - A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z BASEīlowing (followed by DU=dust, SA=sand or SN=snow)Ĭ - A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z CĬentre (preceded by runway designation number to identify a parallel runway) Yes or affirm or affirmative or that is correctĪeronautical fixed telecommunication networkĪeronautical information regulation and controlĪmend or amended (used to indicate amended meteorological message message type designator)Īpproach control, a type of atc discipline A - A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z AAIMĪircraft communication addressing and reporting system (to be pronounced ‘AY-CARS’)Īutomatic dependent surveillance – broadcastĪutomatic dependent surveillance – contract
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